Recentemente, encontrei isso e encontrei a solução mais razoável para simplesmente converter qualquer inteiro UNSIGNED como SIGNED.
SELECT *, ((1 / log(1301980250 - cast(date as signed)) * 175) as weight FROM news_articles ORDER BY weight
SELECT *, ((1 / log(1301980250 - cast(date as signed)) * 175) as weight FROM news_articles ORDER BY weight