Para a terceira consulta, o Oracle 10g retorna field3 da segunda TestTable1 (alias TestTable1_2). Isso parece ser um bug, que parece ter sido corrigido no 11g.
Caso de teste:
INSERT INTO TestTable1 VALUES (1,2,3,NULL);
INSERT INTO TestTable1 VALUES (2,5,6,1);
INSERT INTO TestTable2 VALUES (5,6,7);
INSERT INTO TestTable2 VALUES (2,20,30);
SELECT field3
FROM TestTable1
join TestTable2 ON TestTable1.field1 = TestTable2.field1
left join TestTable1 TestTable1_2 ON TestTable1.self_ref = TestTable1_2.id;
FIELD3
======
3
(null)
SELECT TestTable1.field3, TestTable2.field3, TestTable1_2.field3
FROM TestTable1
join TestTable2 ON TestTable1.field1 = TestTable2.field1
left join TestTable1 TestTable1_2 ON TestTable1.self_ref = TestTable1_2.id;
FIELD3 FIELD3_1 FIELD3_2
====== ======== ========
6 7 3
3 30 (null)