Obtenha o comprimento máximo permitido na coluna, mysql

select COLUMN_NAME, CHARACTER_MAXIMUM_LENGTH 
from information_schema.columns
where table_schema = DATABASE() AND   -- name of your database
      table_name = 'turno' AND        -- name of your table
      COLUMN_NAME = 'nombreTurno'     -- name of the column

• Demonstração do SQLFiddle