Você está executando isso no sqlplus? A extração retorna uma instância XMLType e é exibida de acordo com longo variável, cujo padrão é 80. Se você aumentar o valor, poderá ver o URL completo.
SQL> with x(contact_data) as (
select '<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<service_orders count="1">
<service_order order_number="fakefakefake" id="fakefakefake">
<images count="2">
<image src="https://s3.amazonaws.com/some_subfolder/deeper/deeper_still/ever_deeper/really_big_long_url_goes_here"/>
</images>
</service_order>
</service_orders>' from dual
)
select
length(extract(xmltype(contact_data),'/service_orders/service_order/images/image/@src')) as url_length,
extract(xmltype(contact_data),'/service_orders/service_order/images/image/@src') as url
from
x;
URL_LENGTH
----------
URL
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
101
https://s3.amazonaws.com/some_subfolder/deeper/deeper_still/ever_deeper/really_b
Depois de aumentar o valor da variável longa,
SQL> set long 120
SQL> with x(contact_data) as (
select '<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<service_orders count="1">
<service_order order_number="fakefakefake" id="fakefakefake">
<images count="2">
<image src="https://s3.amazonaws.com/some_subfolder/deeper/deeper_still/ever_deeper/really_big_long_url_goes_here"/>
</images>
</service_order>
</service_orders>' from dual
)
select
length(extract(xmltype(contact_data),'/service_orders/service_order/images/image/@src')) as url_length,
extract(xmltype(contact_data),'/service_orders/service_order/images/image/@src') as url
from
x;
URL_LENGTH
----------
URL
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
101
https://s3.amazonaws.com/some_subfolder/deeper/deeper_still/ever_deeper/really_big_long_url_goes_here
Você pode usar a função getStringVal para converter o XMLType para varchar2, que não depende da variável long.
SQL> set long 80
SQL> with x(contact_data) as (
select '<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<service_orders count="1">
<service_order order_number="fakefakefake" id="fakefakefake">
<images count="2">
<image src="https://s3.amazonaws.com/some_subfolder/deeper/deeper_still/ever_deeper/really_big_long_url_goes_here"/>
</images>
</service_order>
</service_orders>' from dual
)
select
length(extract(xmltype(contact_data),'/service_orders/service_order/images/image/@src')) as url_length,
extract(xmltype(contact_data),'/service_orders/service_order/images/image/@src').getStringval() as url
from
x;
URL_LENGTH
----------
URL
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
101
https://s3.amazonaws.com/some_subfolder/deeper/deeper_still/ever_deeper/really_big_long_url_goes_here
