Oracle:Atualizando uma coluna de tabela usando ROWNUM em conjunto com a cláusula ORDER BY

update table_a outer 
set sequence_column = (
    select rnum from (

           -- evaluate row_number() for all rows ordered by your columns
           -- BEFORE updating those values into table_a
           select id, row_number() over (order by column1, column2) rnum  
           from table_a) inner 

    -- join on the primary key to be sure you'll only get one value
    -- for rnum
    where inner.id = outer.id);

merge into table_a u
using (
  select id, row_number() over (order by column1, column2) rnum 
  from table_a
) s
on (u.id = s.id)
when matched then update set u.sequence_column = s.rnum