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LISTAGG no Oracle para retornar valores distintos


19c e posterior:
select listagg(distinct the_column, ',') within group (order by the_column)
from the_table

18c e anteriores:
select listagg(the_column, ',') within group (order by the_column)
from (
   select distinct the_column 
   from the_table
) t

Se você precisar de mais colunas, algo assim pode ser o que você está procurando:
select col1, listagg(col2, ',') within group (order by col2)
from (
  select col1, 
         col2,
         row_number() over (partition by col1, col2 order by col1) as rn
  from foo
  order by col1,col2
)
where rn = 1
group by col1;