Alternativa singleton para PHP PDO

interface DatabaseInterface
{
    function query($statement, array $parameters = array());
}

interface UserLoaderInterface
{
    public function loadUser($userId);
}

class DB extends PDO implements DatabaseInterface
{
    function __construct(
        $dsn = 'mysql:host=localhost;dbname=kida',
        $username = 'root',
        $password = 'root',
    ) {
        try {
            parent::__construct($dsn, $username, $password, array(PDO::MYSQL_ATTR_INIT_COMMAND => "SET NAMES 'utf8'");
            parent::setAttribute(PDO::ATTR_ERRMODE, PDO::ERRMODE_EXCEPTION);
        } catch(PDOException $e) {
            echo $e->getMessage();
        }
    }

    function query($statement, array $parameters = array())
    {
        # ...
    }
}

class SomeFileBasedDB implements DatabaseInterface
{
    function __construct($filepath)
    {
        # ...
    }

    function query($statement, array $parameters = array())
    {
        # ...
    }
}

class UserLoader implements UserLoaderInterface
{
    protected $db;

    public function __construct(DatabaseInterface $db)
    {
        $this->db = $db;
    }

    public function loadUser($userId)
    {
        $row = $this->db->query("SELECT name, email FROM users WHERE id=?", [$userId]);

        $user = new User();
        $user->setName($row[0]);
        $user->setEmail($row[1]);

        return $user;
    }
}

# the following would be replaced by whatever DI software you use,
# but a simple array can show the concept.


# load this from a config file
$parameters = array();
$parameters['dsn'] = "mysql:host=my_db_server.com;dbname=kida_production";
$parameters['db_user'] = "mydbuser";
$parameters['db_pass'] = "mydbpassword";
$parameters['file_db_path'] = "/some/path/to/file.db";


# this will be set up in a seperate file to define how the objects are composed
# (in symfony, these are called 'services' and this would be defined in a 'services.xml' file)
$container = array();
$container['db'] = new DB($parameters['dsn'], $parameters['db_user'], $parameters['db_pass']);
$container['fileDb'] = new SomeFileBasedDB($parameters['file_db_path']);

# the same class (UserLoader) can now load it's users from different sources without having to know about it.
$container['userLoader'] = new UserLoader($container['db']);
# or: $container['userLoader'] = new UserLoader($container['fileDb']);

# you can easily change the behaviour of your objects by wrapping them into proxy objects.
# (In symfony this is called 'decorator-pattern')
$container['userLoader'] = new SomeUserLoaderProxy($container['userLoader'], $container['db']);

# here you can choose which user-loader is used by the user-controller
$container['userController'] = new UserController($container['fileUserLoader'], $container['viewRenderer']);