Acho que você quer algo assim:
DECLARE col_names CURSOR FOR
SELECT column_name
FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.COLUMNS
WHERE table_name = 'tbl_name'
ORDER BY ordinal_position;
select FOUND_ROWS() into num_rows;
SET i = 1;
the_loop: LOOP
IF i > num_rows THEN
CLOSE col_names;
LEAVE the_loop;
END IF;
FETCH col_names
INTO col_name;
//do whatever else you need to do with the col name
SET i = i + 1;
END LOOP the_loop;