Eu não tenho nenhum histórico do PostgreSQL, mas vamos ver se isso funciona:
Eu começaria simplificando, escrevendo uma consulta que primeiro retorna a pontuação total por jogador:
SELECT player_id, SUM(score) score
FROM (
SELECT first_player as player_id, first_score as score
FROM matches
UNION ALL
SELECT second_player, second_score
FROM matches
)
GROUP BY player_id
Agora, junte esse conjunto de dados aos jogadores para encontrar os grupos:
SELECT w.player_id, p.group_id, w.score
FROM
(
SELECT player_id, SUM(score) score
FROM (
SELECT first_player as player_id, first_score as score
FROM matches
UNION ALL
SELECT second_player, second_score
FROM matches
)
GROUP BY player_id
) as w
inner join players p
on p.player_id = w.player_id
Agora temos todos os jogadores, sua pontuação total e seu grupo. Queremos identificar o vencedor por grupo? Podemos usar a classificação funções para fazer isso:
SELECT
w.player_id,
p.group_id,
w.score,
RANK() OVER (PARTITION BY p.group_id ORDER BY score DESC) as group_placement
FROM
(
SELECT player_id, SUM(score) score
FROM (
SELECT first_player as player_id, first_score as score
FROM matches
UNION ALL
SELECT second_player, second_score
FROM matches
)
GROUP BY player_id
) as w
inner join players p
on p.player_id = w.player_id
Agora, apenas escolhemos os melhores em cada grupo (rank =1) usando
WHERE
SELECT
player_id,
group_id
FROM
(
SELECT
w.player_id,
p.group_id,
w.score,
RANK() OVER (PARTITION BY p.group_id ORDER BY score DESC) as group_placement
FROM
(
SELECT player_id, SUM(score) score
FROM (
SELECT first_player as player_id, first_score as score
FROM matches
UNION ALL
SELECT second_player, second_score
FROM matches
)
GROUP BY player_id
) as w
inner join players p
on p.player_id = w.player_id
) as gp
WHERE group_placement = 1
Parece complicado? sim, mas você pode ver que o resultado final é fornecido pouco a pouco. Cada etapa disso é uma 'subtabela' e você pode executar e observar os dados em cada ponto.