Consulta SQL:Encontre o número máximo de 2 de 3 e armazene-o em outra coluna

Considere o seguinte

mysql> create table test (sub1 int, sub2 int , sub3 int);
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.11 sec)

mysql> insert into test values (20,30,40),(10,40,50),(30,10,20);
Query OK, 3 rows affected (0.08 sec)
Records: 3  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0

mysql> select * from test ;
+------+------+------+
| sub1 | sub2 | sub3 |
+------+------+------+
|   20 |   30 |   40 |
|   10 |   40 |   50 |
|   30 |   10 |   20 |
+------+------+------+

Então, para obter o max1 e max2 das colunas você pode usar greatest função.

select * ,
greatest(sub1,sub2,sub3) as max1 , 
greatest(
 case 
  when greatest(sub1,sub2,sub3) = sub1 then 0 else sub1 
 end,
 case 
  when greatest(sub1,sub2,sub3) = sub2 then  0 else sub2 
 end, 
 case 
  when greatest(sub1,sub2,sub3) = sub3 then 0 else sub3 
 end
) as max2 from test ;

Isso lhe dará algo como

+------+------+------+------+------+
| sub1 | sub2 | sub3 | max1 | max2 |
+------+------+------+------+------+
|   20 |   30 |   40 |   40 |   30 |
|   10 |   40 |   50 |   50 |   40 |
|   30 |   10 |   20 |   30 |   20 |
+------+------+------+------+------+

Você pode usar isso para o comando de atualização como

update table_name
set 
max1 = greatest(sub1,sub2,sub3),
max2 = greatest(
 case 
  when greatest(sub1,sub2,sub3) = sub1 then 0 else sub1 
 end,
 case 
  when greatest(sub1,sub2,sub3) = sub2 then  0 else sub2 
 end, 
 case 
  when greatest(sub1,sub2,sub3) = sub3 then 0 else sub3 
 end
)

Para obter a média de max1 e max2 e atualizar conforme

update table_name
set 
`average`
= ( 
   greatest(sub1,sub2,sub3)+
   greatest(
    case 
      when greatest(sub1,sub2,sub3) = sub1 then 0 else sub1 
    end,
    case 
      when greatest(sub1,sub2,sub3) = sub2 then  0 else sub2 
    end, 
    case 
      when greatest(sub1,sub2,sub3) = sub3 then 0 else sub3 
    end
     )
)/2 ;