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Agregando vários registros por data


Estou assumindo que (patient_id, adherence_date, scheduled_time) é único na sua mesa, o que significa que um paciente pode marcar uma vez por "vaga" e data.
with medication_adherences  as(
-- This is your test data
   select 10049 as patient_id, 1 as id, date '2017-10-01' as adherence_date, 'morning'    as scheduled_time, timestamp '2017-10-31 19:59:19' as acknowledged_at from dual union all
   select 10049 as patient_id, 2 as id, date '2017-10-01' as adherence_date, 'afternoon'  as scheduled_time, null                            as acknowledged_at from dual union all                          
   select 10049 as patient_id, 3 as id, date '2017-10-01' as adherence_date, 'night'      as scheduled_time, timestamp '2017-10-31 19:59:19' as acknowledged_at from dual union all
   select 10049 as patient_id, 4 as id, date '2017-10-02' as adherence_date, 'morning'    as scheduled_time, timestamp '2017-10-31 19:59:19' as acknowledged_at from dual union all
   select 10049 as patient_id, 5 as id, date '2017-10-02' as adherence_date, 'afternoon'  as scheduled_time, timestamp '2017-10-31 19:59:19' as acknowledged_at from dual union all
   select 10049 as patient_id, 6 as id, date '2017-10-02' as adherence_date, 'evening'    as scheduled_time, timestamp '2017-10-31 19:59:19' as acknowledged_at from dual union all
   select 10049 as patient_id, 7 as id, date '2017-10-02' as adherence_date, 'night'      as scheduled_time, null                            as acknowledged_at from dual
)
select adherence_date
      ,sum(case when scheduled_time = 'morning'   then nvl2(acknowledged_at,1,0) end) as morning
      ,sum(case when scheduled_time = 'afternoon' then nvl2(acknowledged_at,1,0) end) as afternoon
      ,sum(case when scheduled_time = 'evening'   then nvl2(acknowledged_at,1,0) end) as evening
      ,sum(case when scheduled_time = 'night'     then nvl2(acknowledged_at,1,0) end) as night
  from medication_adherences 
 where patient_id = 10049
 group
    by adherence_date;

A lógica funciona assim:
  • se reconhecido_at for nulo, agregamos 0 (via nvl2)
  • se reconhecido_at for não null então agregamos 1 (via nvl2)
  • se não houver registro para este intervalo de tempo, agregamos nulo (desde o caso quando ... falhou)