Podes tentar
SELECT u.*
FROM Users u INNER JOIN
Domains d ON u.UserEmail LIKE '%'+ d.Domain
Ou até mesmo tentar
SELECT u.*
FROM Users u
WHERE EXISTS(SELECT 1 FROM Domains d WHERE u.UserEmail LIKE '%' + d.Domain)
SELECT u.*
FROM Users u INNER JOIN
Domains d ON u.UserEmail LIKE '%'+ d.Domain
SELECT u.*
FROM Users u
WHERE EXISTS(SELECT 1 FROM Domains d WHERE u.UserEmail LIKE '%' + d.Domain)