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Como calcular a idade (em anos) com base na data de nascimento e getDate()


Há problemas com anos/dias bissextos e o método a seguir, veja a atualização abaixo:

tente isso:
DECLARE @dob  datetime
SET @dob='1992-01-09 00:00:00'

SELECT DATEDIFF(hour,@dob,GETDATE())/8766.0 AS AgeYearsDecimal
    ,CONVERT(int,ROUND(DATEDIFF(hour,@dob,GETDATE())/8766.0,0)) AS AgeYearsIntRound
    ,DATEDIFF(hour,@dob,GETDATE())/8766 AS AgeYearsIntTrunc

SAÍDA:
AgeYearsDecimal                         AgeYearsIntRound AgeYearsIntTrunc
--------------------------------------- ---------------- ----------------
17.767054                               18               17

(1 row(s) affected)

ATUALIZAÇÃO aqui estão alguns métodos mais precisos:

MELHOR MÉTODO PARA ANOS EM INT
DECLARE @Now  datetime, @Dob datetime
SELECT   @Now='1990-05-05', @Dob='1980-05-05'  --results in 10
--SELECT @Now='1990-05-04', @Dob='1980-05-05'  --results in  9
--SELECT @Now='1989-05-06', @Dob='1980-05-05'  --results in  9
--SELECT @Now='1990-05-06', @Dob='1980-05-05'  --results in 10
--SELECT @Now='1990-12-06', @Dob='1980-05-05'  --results in 10
--SELECT @Now='1991-05-04', @Dob='1980-05-05'  --results in 10

SELECT
    (CONVERT(int,CONVERT(char(8),@Now,112))-CONVERT(char(8),@Dob,112))/10000 AS AgeIntYears

você pode alterar o 10000 acima para 10000.0 e obter decimais, mas não será tão preciso quanto o método abaixo.

MELHOR MÉTODO PARA ANOS EM DECIMAL
DECLARE @Now  datetime, @Dob datetime
SELECT   @Now='1990-05-05', @Dob='1980-05-05' --results in 10.000000000000
--SELECT @Now='1990-05-04', @Dob='1980-05-05' --results in  9.997260273973
--SELECT @Now='1989-05-06', @Dob='1980-05-05' --results in  9.002739726027
--SELECT @Now='1990-05-06', @Dob='1980-05-05' --results in 10.002739726027
--SELECT @Now='1990-12-06', @Dob='1980-05-05' --results in 10.589041095890
--SELECT @Now='1991-05-04', @Dob='1980-05-05' --results in 10.997260273973

SELECT 1.0* DateDiff(yy,@Dob,@Now) 
    +CASE 
         WHEN @Now >= DATEFROMPARTS(DATEPART(yyyy,@Now),DATEPART(m,@Dob),DATEPART(d,@Dob)) THEN  --birthday has happened for the @now year, so add some portion onto the year difference
           (  1.0   --force automatic conversions from int to decimal
              * DATEDIFF(day,DATEFROMPARTS(DATEPART(yyyy,@Now),DATEPART(m,@Dob),DATEPART(d,@Dob)),@Now) --number of days difference between the @Now year birthday and the @Now day
              / DATEDIFF(day,DATEFROMPARTS(DATEPART(yyyy,@Now),1,1),DATEFROMPARTS(DATEPART(yyyy,@Now)+1,1,1)) --number of days in the @Now year
           )
         ELSE  --birthday has not been reached for the last year, so remove some portion of the year difference
           -1 --remove this fractional difference onto the age
           * (  -1.0   --force automatic conversions from int to decimal
                * DATEDIFF(day,DATEFROMPARTS(DATEPART(yyyy,@Now),DATEPART(m,@Dob),DATEPART(d,@Dob)),@Now) --number of days difference between the @Now year birthday and the @Now day
                / DATEDIFF(day,DATEFROMPARTS(DATEPART(yyyy,@Now),1,1),DATEFROMPARTS(DATEPART(yyyy,@Now)+1,1,1)) --number of days in the @Now year
             )
     END AS AgeYearsDecimal