O que os Filestats virtuais fazem e não informam sobre a latência de E/S

Plano de fundo

A configuração

1. Reinicie a instância.
2. Capturar estatísticas de arquivos virtuais.
3. Execute a carga de trabalho "normal" por dois minutos (procedimentos chamados repetidamente por meio de um script do PowerShell).
4. Capturar estatísticas de arquivos virtuais.
5. Reconstrua todos os índices para as tabelas SalesOrder apropriadas.
6. Capturar estatísticas de arquivos virtuais.

Os dados

USE [msdb];
GO
 
CREATE TABLE [dbo].[SQLskills_FileLatency]
(
	[RowID] [INT] IDENTITY(1,1) NOT NULL,
	[CaptureID] [INT] NOT NULL,
	[CaptureDate] [DATETIME2](7) NULL,
	[ReadLatency] [BIGINT] NULL,
	[WriteLatency] [BIGINT] NULL,
	[Latency] [BIGINT] NULL,
	[AvgBPerRead] [BIGINT] NULL,
	[AvgBPerWrite] [BIGINT] NULL,
	[AvgBPerTransfer] [BIGINT] NULL,
	[Drive] [NVARCHAR](2) NULL,
	[DB] [NVARCHAR](128) NULL,
	[database_id] [SMALLINT] NOT NULL,
	[file_id] [SMALLINT] NOT NULL,
	[sample_ms] [INT] NOT NULL,
	[num_of_reads] [BIGINT] NOT NULL,
	[num_of_bytes_read] [BIGINT] NOT NULL,
	[io_stall_read_ms] [BIGINT] NOT NULL,
	[num_of_writes] [BIGINT] NOT NULL,
	[num_of_bytes_written] [BIGINT] NOT NULL,
	[io_stall_write_ms] [BIGINT] NOT NULL,
	[io_stall] [BIGINT] NOT NULL,
	[size_on_disk_MB] [NUMERIC](25, 6) NULL,
	[file_handle] [VARBINARY](8) NOT NULL,
	[physical_name] [NVARCHAR](260) NOT NULL
) ON [PRIMARY];
GO
 
CREATE CLUSTERED INDEX CI_SQLskills_FileLatency ON [dbo].[SQLskills_FileLatency] ([CaptureDate], [RowID]);
 
CREATE NONCLUSTERED INDEX NCI_SQLskills_FileLatency ON [dbo].[SQLskills_FileLatency] ([CaptureID]);
 
DECLARE @CaptureID INT;
 
SELECT @CaptureID = MAX(CaptureID) FROM [msdb].[dbo].[SQLskills_FileLatency];
 
PRINT (@CaptureID);
 
IF @CaptureID IS NULL	
BEGIN
  SET @CaptureID = 1;
END
ELSE
BEGIN
  SET @CaptureID = @CaptureID + 1;
END  
 
INSERT INTO [msdb].[dbo].[SQLskills_FileLatency] 
(
	[CaptureID],
	[CaptureDate],
	[ReadLatency],
	[WriteLatency],
	[Latency],
	[AvgBPerRead],
	[AvgBPerWrite],
	[AvgBPerTransfer],
	[Drive],
	[DB],
	[database_id],
	[file_id],
	[sample_ms],
	[num_of_reads],
	[num_of_bytes_read],
	[io_stall_read_ms],
	[num_of_writes],
	[num_of_bytes_written],
	[io_stall_write_ms],
	[io_stall],
	[size_on_disk_MB],
	[file_handle],
	[physical_name]
)
SELECT 
    --virtual file latency
	@CaptureID,
	GETDATE(),
	CASE 
		WHEN [num_of_reads] = 0 
			THEN 0 
		ELSE ([io_stall_read_ms]/[num_of_reads]) 
	END [ReadLatency],
	CASE 
		WHEN [io_stall_write_ms] = 0 
			THEN 0 
		ELSE ([io_stall_write_ms]/[num_of_writes]) 
	END [WriteLatency],
	CASE 
		WHEN ([num_of_reads] = 0 AND [num_of_writes] = 0)
             THEN 0 
		ELSE ([io_stall]/([num_of_reads] + [num_of_writes])) 
	END [Latency],
	--avg bytes per IOP
	CASE 
		WHEN [num_of_reads] = 0 
			THEN 0 
		ELSE ([num_of_bytes_read]/[num_of_reads]) 
	END [AvgBPerRead],
	CASE 
		WHEN [io_stall_write_ms] = 0 
			THEN 0 
		ELSE ([num_of_bytes_written]/[num_of_writes]) 
	END [AvgBPerWrite],
	CASE 
		WHEN ([num_of_reads] = 0 AND [num_of_writes] = 0)
			THEN 0 
		ELSE (([num_of_bytes_read] + [num_of_bytes_written])/([num_of_reads] + [num_of_writes])) 
	END [AvgBPerTransfer],
	LEFT([mf].[physical_name],2) [Drive],
	DB_NAME([vfs].[database_id]) [DB],
	[vfs].[database_id],
	[vfs].[file_id],
	[vfs].[sample_ms],
	[vfs].[num_of_reads],
	[vfs].[num_of_bytes_read],
	[vfs].[io_stall_read_ms],
	[vfs].[num_of_writes],
	[vfs].[num_of_bytes_written],
	[vfs].[io_stall_write_ms],
	[vfs].[io_stall],
	[vfs].[size_on_disk_bytes]/1024/1024. [size_on_disk_MB],
	[vfs].[file_handle],
	[mf].[physical_name]
FROM [sys].[dm_io_virtual_file_stats](NULL,NULL) AS vfs
JOIN [sys].[master_files] [mf] 
    ON [vfs].[database_id] = [mf].[database_id] 
    AND [vfs].[file_id] = [mf].[file_id]
ORDER BY [Latency] DESC;

USE [EX_AdventureWorks2012];
GO
ALTER INDEX ALL ON Sales.SalesOrderHeaderEnlarged REBUILD;
ALTER INDEX ALL ON Sales.SalesOrderDetailEnlarged REBUILD;

DECLARE @CurrentID INT, @PreviousID INT;
SET @CurrentID = 3;
SET @PreviousID = @CurrentID - 1;
 
WITH [p] AS (	SELECT	
				[CaptureDate], 
				[database_id], 
				[file_id], 
				[ReadLatency], 
				[WriteLatency], 
				[num_of_reads], 
				[io_stall_read_ms], 
				[num_of_writes], 
				[io_stall_write_ms]
			FROM [msdb].[dbo].[SQLskills_FileLatency]
			WHERE [CaptureID] = @PreviousID
		)
SELECT	
	[c].[CaptureDate] [CurrentCaptureDate],
	[p].[CaptureDate] [PreviousCaptureDate],
	DATEDIFF(MINUTE, [p].[CaptureDate], [c].[CaptureDate]) [MinBetweenCaptures],
	[c].[DB],
	[c].[physical_name],
	[c].[ReadLatency] [CurrentReadLatency], 
	[p].[ReadLatency] [PreviousReadLatency], 
	[c].[WriteLatency] [CurrentWriteLatency], 
	[p].[WriteLatency] [PreviousWriteLatency],
	[c].[io_stall_read_ms]- [p].[io_stall_read_ms] [delta_io_stall_read],
	[c].[num_of_reads] - [p].[num_of_reads] [delta_num_of_reads],
	[c].[io_stall_write_ms] - [p].[io_stall_write_ms] [delta_io_stall_write],
	[c].[num_of_writes] - [p].[num_of_writes] [delta_num_of_writes],
	CASE
		WHEN ([c].[num_of_reads] - [p].[num_of_reads]) = 0 THEN NULL
		ELSE ([c].[io_stall_read_ms] - [p].[io_stall_read_ms])/([c].[num_of_reads] - [p].[num_of_reads])
	END [IntervalReadLatency],
	CASE
		WHEN ([c].[num_of_writes] - [p].[num_of_writes]) = 0 THEN NULL
		ELSE ([c].[io_stall_write_ms] - [p].[io_stall_write_ms])/([c].[num_of_writes] - [p].[num_of_writes])
	END [IntervalWriteLatency]
FROM [msdb].[dbo].[SQLskills_FileLatency] [c]
JOIN [p] ON [c].[database_id] = [p].[database_id] AND [c].[file_id] = [p].[file_id]
WHERE [c].[CaptureID] = @CurrentID 
AND [c].[database_id] IN (2, 11);

Conclusão

• O SQL Server precisa ler muitos dados como resultado de planos de consulta ineficientes ou índices ausentes
• Muito pouca memória é alocada para a instância e os mesmos dados são lidos do disco repetidamente porque não podem permanecer na memória
• As conversões implícitas causam verificações de índice ou tabela
• As consultas executam SELECT * quando nem todas as colunas são obrigatórias
• Problemas de registro encaminhados em heaps causam E/S adicional
• Baixas densidades de página devido à fragmentação do índice, divisões de página ou configurações incorretas do fator de preenchimento causam E/S adicional