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Como definir variáveis ​​do Big Query como mysql


Você pode usar uma cláusula WITH. Não é o ideal, mas dá conta do recado. 
-- Set your variables here
WITH vars AS (
  SELECT '2018-01-01' as from_date,
         '2018-05-01' as to_date
)

-- Then use them by pulling from vars with a SELECT clause
SELECT *
FROM   your_table 
WHERE  date_column BETWEEN
          CAST((SELECT from_date FROM vars) as date)
          AND
          CAST((SELECT to_date FROM vars) as date)

Ou ainda menos prolixo:
#standardSQL
-- Set your variables here
WITH vars AS (
  SELECT DATE '2018-01-01' as from_date,
         DATE '2018-05-01' as to_date
)
-- Then use them by pulling from vars with a SELECT clause
SELECT *
FROM your_table, vars 
WHERE date_column BETWEEN from_date AND to_date