Crie uma nova tabela no banco de dados existente em uma classe SQLiteOpenHelper separada

private final static String DATABASE_NAME = "MainDB";
private static final int DATABASE_VERSION = 1;

public BaseSQLiteOpenHelper(Context context) {
    super(context, DATABASE_NAME, null, DATABASE_VERSION);
}

@Override
public void onCreate(SQLiteDatabase db) {
      db.execSQL("old query no need to change");
      db.execSQL("Create your new table here");
}


@Override
public void onUpgrade(SQLiteDatabase db, int oldVersion, int newVersion) {

    if (oldVersion < 2) {
       db.execSQL("Create your new table here as well this for update the old DB");
    }
}